A–Z Cancer Types | Definitions, Research Context & Trial Landscape

Lymphomas that develop in people with HIV/AIDS.

Cancer that develops in the abdominal cavity or abdominal organs. Can include cancers of the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, or other abdominal structures.

A benign tumor that develops on the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. Can cause hearing loss and balance problems.

Fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Most common childhood cancer.

Fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow affecting lymphoid cells. Most common childhood cancer but can occur in adults.

Fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow affecting myeloid cells.

A cancer that starts in the bone marrow and moves into the blood, affecting myeloid cells.

A rare cancer that most commonly occurs in the salivary glands, but can also affect other areas like the breast, uterus, or respiratory tract.

Rare cancer occurring in the adrenal glands, which produce hormones above the kidneys.

A rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland.

Cancer that forms in tissues of the anus, often linked to HPV infection.

Rare cancer that begins in the appendix, often discovered during appendectomy.

Type of brain tumor that begins in star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes. Can range from low-grade to high-grade.

A rare, fast-growing tumor of the brain and spinal cord.

The most common type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells.

Cancer that forms in the bile ducts.

Cancer that forms in the bile ducts, which carry bile from liver to small intestine.

Cancer that begins in the cells lining the bladder. Often detected early due to blood in urine.

Cancer that begins in the bone, including Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma.

Cancer that starts in the bones, most commonly affecting children and young adults.

Abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Can be benign or malignant.

Abnormal growths of cells in the brain.

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer depending on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.

Tumors that form in the bronchial tubes.

A fast-growing form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Slow-growing tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells, most commonly in the digestive system or lungs.

Cancer that has spread but the original site cannot be identified.

Lymphoma that begins in the central nervous system.

Cancer of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Caused by HPV in most cases.

A type of bone cancer that begins in cartilage cells. Most common in adults over 40.

A rare tumor that develops from the notochord, usually in the spine or base of skull.

A rare cancer that occurs in the placenta during or after pregnancy. Highly treatable.

Slow-growing cancer of blood and bone marrow. Most common leukemia in adults.

Slow-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Most common leukemia in adults.

A slowly progressing cancer that starts in blood-forming cells of the bone marrow.

Slow-growing cancer characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome.

Cancer of the blood and bone marrow characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome.

A group of slow-growing blood cancers.

Cancer of the large intestine (colon). Third most common cancer worldwide.

Cancer that begins in the colon or rectum.

A rare type of brain tumor near the pituitary gland.

A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the skin.

Rare tumors that grow in connective tissue. Non-cancerous but locally aggressive.

Non-invasive breast cancer confined to the milk ducts.

Fast-growing tumors that begin in embryonic cells in the brain.

Cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus.

Cancer of the lining of the uterus. Most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S.

A tumor that arises from ependymal cells in the brain or spinal cord.

Cancer that begins in the esophagus.

A rare cancer of the upper nasal cavity.

A rare bone or soft tissue cancer that primarily affects children and young adults.

Tumors that form from germ cells outside the brain.

Germ cell tumors that form in areas outside the gonads.

Rare cancer that begins in the fallopian tubes, often discovered incidentally or presenting with symptoms similar to ovarian cancer

Cancer that begins in the gallbladder.

Cancer that begins in the stomach lining.

Cancer that forms in the lining of the stomach.

A slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor in the gastrointestinal tract.

A type of tumor that develops in the digestive system, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine.

Tumors that begin in the digestive tract.

A group of rare tumors that develop during pregnancy.

A group of rare tumors that develop during pregnancy from placental tissue.

Aggressive brain tumor that forms in the brain or spinal cord. Most common malignant brain tumor in adults.

A rare, slow-growing cancer of the blood where the bone marrow makes too many B cells.

Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.

A rare liver cancer that primarily affects infants and young children.

The most common type of primary liver cancer.

Primary liver cancer, most common type of liver cancer in adults.

Cancer of the lymphatic system characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells. One of the most curable cancers.

Cancer that forms in the lower part of the throat (hypopharynx).

Rare and aggressive type of breast cancer that blocks lymph vessels in breast skin.

Cancer that forms in bile ducts inside the liver.

Melanoma that forms in the eye.

Tumors that form in the hormone-making cells of the pancreas.

Rare childhood leukemia affecting bone marrow and blood cells.

A cancer that causes lesions in soft tissue. Often associated with weakened immune systems.

Cancer that begins in the kidneys.

Cancer that begins in the kidneys. Most common in adults over 60.

A rare disorder where the body makes too many dendritic cells.

Cancer that forms in tissues of the larynx (voice box).

Rare cancer of smooth muscle tissue, often in uterus or abdomen.

Cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and lymphatic system.

Cancer that forms in the lips or mouth.

Cancer that develops in fatty tissue, commonly in thigh, abdomen, or behind knee.

Cancer that begins in the cells of the liver.

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. It's the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer.

Cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system.

A rare cancer that forms in the breast tissue of men.

A rare bone cancer, often grouped with osteosarcoma.

Most common malignant brain tumor in children, arising in the cerebellum.

The most serious type of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes.

Tumor that arises from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Usually benign but can be malignant.

Rare and aggressive skin cancer often appearing as painless nodule on sun-exposed skin.

Cancer that develops in the lining of organs, often linked to asbestos exposure.

Cancer that has spread from where it started to other parts of the body.

Cancer found in lymph nodes of the neck when the primary tumor location is unknown.

A rare, aggressive cancer characterized by NUT gene rearrangement.

Cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow that produce abnormal proteins, causing bone damage, anemia, and kidney problems

Most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma affecting the skin.

A group of cancers where immature blood cells don't mature or become healthy.

Diseases where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells.

Cancer that forms in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.

Cancer affecting the nasal cavity and air-filled spaces around the nose.

Cancer that forms in the nasopharynx (upper part of the throat behind the nose).

Cancer that develops from immature nerve cells. Most common in infants and young children.

Tumors arising from hormone-producing cells in various organs, often slow-growing.

Diverse group of blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system, with many subtypes varying in aggressiveness and treatment approach

The most common type of lung cancer.

Ocular melanoma is a rare cancer that develops in the melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) of the eye. Most commonly, it affects the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, though it remains rare overall.

Rare melanoma developing in the eye, most commonly in the uvea.

A type of glioma that arises from oligodendrocytes in the brain.

Cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or throat.

Cancer that forms in tissues of the oropharynx (middle part of the throat).

Most common type of bone cancer, usually occurring in teenagers and young adults.

Cancer that begins in the ovaries. Often diagnosed at advanced stages due to subtle symptoms.

Cancer that forms in the pancreas.

Tumors that grow in the air passages of the throat and lungs in children.

A rare tumor that forms near certain blood vessels and nerves.

A rare cancer that forms in the parathyroid gland.

A rare cancer that occurs on the skin or in the tissues of the penis.

Cancer of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen. Often similar to ovarian cancer.

Cancer that forms in the pharynx (throat).

A rare tumor that forms in the adrenal glands.

Tumors that develop in or around the pineal gland in the brain.

Tumors that form in the pituitary gland. Most are benign.

Tumors of the pituitary gland affecting hormone production. Most are benign.

Cancer of the lining around the lungs, almost always caused by asbestos exposure.

A rare tumor that develops in the lung and pleural tissues of children.

Lymphoma that originates in the brain or spinal cord, often in immunocompromised patients.

Cancer that develops in the peritoneum, the tissue lining the abdomen.

Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland in males that produces seminal fluid. It's one of the most common types of cancer in men.

Cancer of the rectum, the last several inches of the large intestine.

Eye cancer that begins in the retina. Most common in young children.

A cancer of connective tissue, particularly skeletal muscle. Most common in children.

Cancer that forms in the salivary glands.

General term for cancers arising from connective tissues like bone, muscle, or fat.

Most common type of skin cancer, rarely spreads but can be locally invasive.

Second most common skin cancer, can spread if not treated.

Aggressive lung cancer strongly linked to smoking, spreads rapidly.

A rare cancer that occurs in the small intestine.

Cancer that begins in soft tissues like muscle, fat, or blood vessels.

Tumors that develop in or around the spinal cord.

Tumors growing in or around the spinal cord, can be benign or malignant.

A common form of skin cancer that begins in squamous cells.

Cancer that begins in the cells lining the stomach. More common in Asian countries.

Aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma affecting skin and blood.

Cancer that develops in the testicles. Most common cancer in men aged 15-35. Highly treatable with excellent cure rates

A tumor that originates in the thymus gland in the chest.

Tumors that form in the thymus gland.

Rare cancer of the thymus gland, often associated with autoimmune diseases.

Cancer that forms in the thyroid gland.

Cancer that forms in the renal pelvis or ureter.

Aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.

A group of rare cancers that occur in children.

A rare cancer that occurs in the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder.

Cancer that begins in the uterus, most commonly in the endometrium (lining). Most common gynecologic cancer in the US

Cancer that forms in muscles or other tissues of the uterus.

Cancer that forms in the vagina.

Tumors that form in blood vessels.

Cancer of the external female genitalia, usually affecting older women.

Rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma producing large amounts of IgM protein.

A kidney cancer that primarily affects children, usually under age 5.

Multiple skin cancers caused by extreme sensitivity to UV rays due to genetic condition.

Rare germ cell tumor usually affecting very young children, often in ovaries or testicles.

Rare tumors that produce excess gastrin hormone, causing severe stomach ulcers.